| 16 | 0 | 37 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
[目的]探究不同地膜覆盖方式在旱作大豆生产中的应用效果。[方法]以赤豆4号为供试材料,采用随机区组设计,设全膜覆盖、半膜覆盖、膜侧种植、浅埋滴灌(对照)4个处理,比较不同覆膜方式对大豆生长及产量的影响。[结果]3种地膜覆盖处理在大豆苗期、初花期、盛花期的土壤水分含量均高于对照。其中,半膜覆盖保湿性能最优,膜侧种植次之,全膜覆盖较低。土壤温度方面,3种覆膜处理对土壤增温效应较小,各时期土壤温度与对照趋于一致。生物量方面,覆膜处理能够促进生物量的合成。产量方面,半膜覆膜、全膜覆膜、膜侧种植处理下大豆产量分别为1 815.45、1 966.35、1 872.75 kg/hm2 ,较对照分别增产5.25%、14.00%、8.57%。[结论]综上所述,覆膜种植对大豆生长及产量有积极影响,其中全膜覆盖增产效果最佳。
Abstract：[Objective]To explore the effects of different plastic film mulching patterns on dryland soybean production. [Method]Chidou No.4 was used as the test material in a randomized block design with four treatments:full plastic film mulching, half plastic film mulching, filmside planting, and subsurface drip irrigation(control). The effects of these mulching methods on soybean growth and yield were assessed. [Result]During the seedling, early flowering, and full flowering stages,soil moisture content under the three film mulching treatments was higher than that under the control. Among them, half plastic film mulching exhibited the optimal water retention performance, followed by film-side planting, while full plastic film mulching showed the lowest. In terms of soil temperature,all three mulching treatments exerted only a marginal warming effect, and soil temperature at each growth stage was basically consistent with that of the control. Regarding biomass,mulching treatments significantly promoted biomass accumulation. For yield,soybean yields under half plastic film mulching, full plastic film mulching, film-side planting were 1 815. 45, 1 966. 35, 1 872. 75 kg/hm2, respectively, which were 5. 25%, 14. 00%, and 8. 57% higher than that of the control. [Conclusion]Plastic film mulching cultivation has a positive impact on soybean growth and yield, among which full plastic film mulching has the best yield-increasing effect.
[1]Chai Q,Gan Y T,Turner N C,et al. Water-saving innovations in Chinese agriculture[J]. Advance in agronomy,2014,126:149-202.
[2]任红玉,崔振才,沈能展,等.大豆干物质积累与水分动态变化的关系[J].中国油料作物学报,2005,27(3):41-44.
[3]王燕平,王晓梅,侯国强,等.干旱胁迫对不同生态型大豆生理生化特征的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(12):93-100.
[4]胡兵辉,廖允成,贺金红,等.黄土高原旱区降水资源化制约因素分析[J].农业现代化研究,2006,27(2):157-160.
[5]王立明,陈光荣,张国宏,等.黄土塬区旱作大豆覆膜保水技术效果研究[J].作物杂志,2011(6):95-98.
[6]蒋锐,郭升,马德帝.旱地雨养农业覆膜体系及其土壤生态环境效应[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(3):317-328.
[7]Zhao H,Wang R Y,Ma B L,et al. Ridge-furrow with full plastic film mulching improves water use efficiency and tuber yields of potato in a semiarid rainfed ecosystem[J]. Field crops research,2014,161:137-148.
[8]Liu X E,Li X G,Hai L,et al. How efficient is film fully mulched ridge-furrow cropping to conserve rainfall in soil at a rainfed site?[J]. Field crops research,2014,169:107-115.
[9]Jiang X,Li X G. Assessing the effects of plastic film fully mulched ridgefurrow on rainwater distribution in soil using dye tracer and simulated rainfall[J]. Soil&tillage research,2015,152:67-73.
[10]杨祁峰,岳云,熊春蓉.不同覆膜方式对粮饲兼用玉米田土壤温度的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(5):71-75.
[11]刘广才,杨祁峰,李来祥,等.旱地玉米全膜双垄沟播技术土壤水分效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(6):18-28.
[12]叶子壮,王松燕,陆潇,等.秸秆还田、覆膜和施氮对旱地麦田土壤质量的影响[J].环境科学,2024,45(4):2292-2303.
[13]Li Y,Liu C,Gai X Q,et al. Mulch from lignocellulose as agricultural plastic alternative for sustained-release of photosensitive pesticide[J]. International journal of biological macromolecules,2023,255:128347.
[14]陈其鲜,王本辉,刘路平,等.西北旱作大豆田不同地膜覆盖模式保墒增温增产效应研究[J].大豆科学,2016,35(1):58-63.
[15]Steinmetz Z,Wollmann C,Schaefer M,et al. Plastic mulching in agriculture, trading short-term agronomic benefits for long-term soil degradation?[J] Science of the total environment,2016,550:690-705.
[16]丁凡,严昌荣,汪景宽.黑土地保护中不容忽视的一个问题:地膜残留及其污染[J].土壤通报,2022,53(1):234-240.
[17]刘胜尧,张立峰,贾建明,等.华北旱地覆膜对春甘薯田土壤温度和水分的效应[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(3):287-292.
[18]米永伟,龚成文,邵武平,等.覆膜对高寒阴湿区当归土壤质量、植株生长和杂草发生的影响[J].应用生态学报,2021,32(9):3152-3158.
[19]葛阳,万修福,王升,等.氮肥对药用植物生态系统中土壤及三级营养关系的影响及机制[J].中国中药杂志,2021,46(8):1893-1900.
[20]宋秉海.旱地地膜玉米“贫水富集”种植模式研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(3):93-95.
[21]周丽娜,雷金银.覆膜方式对坡耕地春玉米产量,土壤水分和养分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(33):20-25.
[22]王佳芯,胡静一,张巍,等.覆膜方式对间作玉米光合物质生产及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(3):460-477.
[23]段萌,杨伟才,毛晓敏.覆膜和水分亏缺对春小麦光合特性影响及模型比较[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(1):219-227.
[24]李尚中,樊廷录,王磊,等.不同覆膜方式对旱地玉米生长发育,产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区研究,2013,31(6):22-27.
[25]肖华,金亚男,吕岩.山沙两区玉米全膜覆盖技术与膜下滴灌技术效果分析[J].内蒙古农业科技,2014(1):43-44。
[26]王有宁,王世学.地膜覆盖玉米地的小气候效应[J].湖北农学院学报,2004,24(3):166-169.
[27]陈恒洪,柴守玺,黄彩霞,等.地膜覆盖对旱地春小麦土壤温度的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2013,48(1):63-67.
[28]方彦杰,张绪成,于显枫,等.旱地全膜覆土穴播荞麦田土壤水热及产量效应研究[J].作物学报,2019,45(7):1070-1079.
[29]潘春丹,陆晓莉,顾雪梅,等.不同地膜覆盖对土壤温度、杂草控制和甜玉米生长的影响[J].上海农业学报,2023,39(6):66-70.
[30]刘云柯,李丰琇,孙飞雪,等.干旱区覆膜滴灌和施氮量对夏玉米生长发育和产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2023,31(4):140-147.
[31]刘洋,张启昌,张璐,等.水肥耦合对蓝靛果忍冬幼苗细根生长及根抗氧化酶的影响[J].中国农业科技导报, 2022,24(9):197-207.
[32]胡庆兰,杨凯,王金贵,等.地膜覆盖及不同施肥处理对玉米产量和根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2022,50(21):122-126.
[33]王文静,刘亚军,胡启国,等.不同地膜覆盖与施肥方式对土壤质量及甘薯生长发育的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2024,52(10):62-68.
[34]杨婷婷,田效琴,李卓,等.不同类型地膜对土壤水热和油菜产量的影响[J].中国农业科技导报, 2024,26(12):157-163.
基本信息:
中图分类号:S565.1
引用信息:
[1]周学超,张清艳,崔智慧,等.不同地膜覆盖方式对大豆生长及产量的影响研究[J].安徽农业科学,2026,54(15):18-21.
基金信息:
国家重点研发项目“大豆消障提产增效全程机械化技术研究与集成示范”(2024YFD2300103); 财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系”(CARS-04-CES11); 内蒙古自治区育种联合攻关项目“高产优质大豆种质创新与新品种选育”(YZ2023005)
2026-08-14
2026-08-14