安徽农业科学

[目的]探讨磷肥对As污染土壤三七生长和品质的影响。[方法]采用大田调查和室内盆栽试验相结合的方法，研究不同施磷[CK(0 kg/hm²)、P1(120 kg/hm²)、P2(240 kg/hm²)、P3(360 kg/hm²)、P4(512 kg/hm²)]处理(以纯P_2O₅计)对土壤As污染[80mg/kg As(以Na_3AsO₄·12H_2O为试剂)]的三七不同部位As含量及三七皂苷、黄酮含量的影响。[结果]施磷肥处理在促进三七株高、叶片大小、叶柄长度等地上部分多个形态指标方面有促进作用。其中P3处理为最优，其株高比CK显著增加86.51%;各施磷处理均显著降低土壤As含量，P3处理降幅最大，达18.05%;与CK相比，各施磷处理三七不同部位As含量明显下降，P3处理下茎叶和主根As含量分别下降56.68%和52.50%;施磷肥有利于增加三七茎叶和根中黄酮含量，但三七剪口和须根的黄酮呈现出先上升后下降趋势，P3为最优处理，与CK相比，P3处理下剪口和须根黄酮含量分别增加5.06和3.61倍；不同施磷处理在三七不同部位的皂苷含量表现并不一致，施磷肥也有利于三七中人参皂苷Rg1和Rb1含量积累。[结论]合理施用磷肥可有效改善As污染土壤中三七的生长和品质。

[Objective]In order to investigate the effects of phosphate fertilizer on the growth and quality of Panax notoginseng in As polluted soil. [Method]The effects of different phosphate application treatments(0, 120, 240, 360, and 512 kg/hm²) on As pollution [80 mg/kg As(using NA_3ASO₄·12H_2O As the reagent)] and notoginsenoside and flavone contents in different parts of Panax notoginseng were studied by the method combining field investigation and indoor pot experiments. [Result]The application of phosphorus fertilizer promoted the plant height, leaf size, petiole length and other morphological indexes of aerial parts of Panax Notoginseng. Among them, P3 treatment was the best, and its plant height was significantly increased by 86.51% compared with CK. All phosphorus treatments significantly reduced soil As content, and P3 treatment decreased the most by 18.05%,the content of As in different parts of Panax notoginseng decreased obviously under P3 treatment. The content of As in stems, leaves and taproots decreased by 56.68% and 52.50% under P3 treatment, respectively. Phosphate application increased the content of flavone in stems, leaves and roots of Panax notoginseng, P3 was the best treatment. Compared with CK, the content of flavone in P3 increased by 5.06 times and 3.61 times, respectively. The content of notoginsenoside in different parts of Panax notoginseng was not consistent under different phosphorus treatments, and phosphorus fertilizer was also beneficial to the accumulation of Rg1 and Rb1 contents in Panax Notoginseng. [Conclusion]Reasonable application of phosphorus fertilizer can effectively improve the growth and quality of Panax notoginseng in As pollued soil.