安徽农业科学

[目的]系统探究东海海域棘绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys spinosus)的繁殖生物学特性。[方法]运用生物学测定、重量法、计数法等方法对棘绿鳍鱼的繁殖生物学展开研究。[结果]繁殖群体体长120.0～373.2 mm,优势体长组为170.1～230.0 mm(占43.66%);体重40.6～922.3 g,优势体重组为40.6～216.9 g(占59.46%)。体长(L)与体重(W)呈幂函数关系(W=7×10^-5L^{2.736 2})。繁殖期群体雌雄比为1.6∶1,且雌性比例随体长、体重增加而上升,大规格个体(体长≥330.1 mm或体重≥569.7 g)均为雌性;雄性首次性成熟个体体长(161.0 mm)、体重(80.6 g)均小于雌性(192.0 mm,149.4 g)。繁殖期为12月—次年5月,产卵高峰出现在4月(Ⅴ期个体占比65.08%)。绝对繁殖力(E)为12 969～401 253粒,与体长(E=1 108L-156 855,R²=0.315 1)和体重(E=225.91W+60 792,R²=0.254 8)呈显著相关性(P<0.05)。体长相对繁殖力(F/L)为59～379粒/mm,随体长及体重增加而上升;体重相对繁殖力(F/W)为69～612粒/g,随体长及体重增加呈波动下降趋势。卵径为0.04～0.74 mm,集中分布于0.25～0.54 mm(占总卵数的70.12%),卵径频率分布呈单峰型。[结论]棘绿鳍鱼生长属负异速生长;繁殖期雌性比雄性多且个体大;主要繁殖期在春季;产卵量大;属一次产卵类型。

[Objective]This study systematically explored the reproductive biological characteristics of Chelidonichthys spinosus in the East China Sea.[Method]The reproductive biology of C.spinosus was studied using biological dissection,gravimetric analysis,and oocyte counting.[Result]The body length of the breeding population ranged from 120.0 to 373.2 mm,with the dominant body length group being 170.1-230.0 mm(43.66%).Body weight ranged from 40.6 to 922.3 g,with the dominant weight group being 40.6-216.9 g(59.46 %).There was a power function relationship between body length(L) and body weight(W)(W=7×10^-5 L^{2.736 2}).The ratio of female to male was 1.6∶ 1,and the proportion of female increased with increasing body length and weight.Large size individuals(body length≥330.1 mm or body weight ≥569.7 g) were all female.The size at first sexual maturity was smaller in males(161.0 mm,80.6 g) than in females(192.0 mm,149.4 g).The breeding period was from December to May of the next year,with peak spawning occurring in April(65.08% of individuals in stage V).Absolute fecundity(E) ranged from 12 969 to 401 253 eggs and was significantly positively correlated with body length(E=1 108L-156 855,R²=0.315 1) and body weight(E=225.91W+60 792,R²=0.254 8)(P<0.05).Relative fecundity per unit length(F/L) ranged from 59 to 379 eggs/mm and increased with body length and weight.Relative fecundity per unit weight(F/W) ranged from 69 to 612 eggs/g and decreased with increasing body length and weight.Egg diameter ranged from 0.04 to 0.74 mm,with the majority(70.12% of total eggs) measuring 0.25-0.54 mm;the egg diameter frequency distribution was unimodal.[Conclusion]The results indicate that C.spinosus exhibits negative allometric growth.During the breeding period,females outnumber males and are larger on average;the primary spawning period occurs in spring;absolute fecundity is high;and the species is a single-spawning type.