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镉(Cd)污染是全球面临的严重环境问题，对人类健康和生态系统构成威胁。探讨了植物对Cd胁迫的分子响应机制，特别是水稻作为重要粮食作物对Cd的吸收、转运和耐受性。研究表明，Cd主要通过植物根系吸收进入体内，并在根部积累，有部分转运到地上部分。植物体内的Cd主要通过OsNramp5、OsIRT1、OsHMA3、OsHMA2等转运蛋白进行吸收和转运。转录因子如WRKY、ERF、HSF、NAC和MYB家族成员在Cd胁迫下调节相关基因表达，影响植物对Cd的吸收和耐性。此外，植物激素和小分子效应物如生长素、茉莉酸、脱落酸、水杨酸等在Cd胁迫响应中起到调控作用。含巯基分子如谷胱甘肽、植物螯合肽和金属硫蛋白在Cd解毒中发挥关键作用。抗氧化系统，包括抗氧化酶和非酶促系统，有助于植物抵御Cd引起的氧化应激。为理解植物对Cd胁迫的分子机制提供了重要信息，并为开发低Cd积累作物品种提供了理论基础。
Abstract：Cadmium(Cd) pollution poses a severe global environmental challenge, threatening human health and ecosystems. This paper explores the molecular response mechanisms of plant responses to Cd stress, with a focus on rice as a crucial food crop, examining its absorption, translocation, and tolerance to Cd. Studies indicate that Cd primarily enters the plant body through the roots, where it accumulates, with only a small fraction being transported to the aerial parts. The absorption and translocation of Cd within plants are mainly facilitated by transporters such as OsNramp5, OsIRT1, OsHMA3, and OsHMA2. Transcription factors from the WRKY, ERF, HSF, NAC, and MYB families regulate gene expression under Cd stress, affecting plant absorption and tolerance to Cd. Additionally, plant hormones and small molecular effectors, including auxin, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid, play regulatory roles in the response to Cd stress. Thiol-containing molecules like glutathione, phytochelatins, and metallothioneins are crucial for Cd detoxification in plants. The antioxidant system, comprising enzymatic and non-enzymatic components, helps plants combat oxidative stress induced by Cd. This paper provides essential insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant response to Cd stress and lays a theoretical foundation for developing rice varieties with low Cd accumulation.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:X173;Q945.78
引用信息:
[1]陈瑾芬,胡淑宝,秦艺鸣,等.植物对镉胁迫响应的分子机制研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2025,53(03):1-9.
基金信息:
皖西南生物多样性研究与生态保护安徽省重点实验室项目(FCZ202001001)
2025-02-15
2025-02-15