安徽农业科学

明确种植密度对不同玉米品种农艺性状及产量的影响，为耐密种质创新和新品种选育提供理论依据和技术支撑。选用15个不同玉米品种作为试验材料，研究3个种植密度对其穗部性状及产量构成因素的影响。方差分析结果表明，品种间、密度间及二者的互作对产量影响分别达到显著和极显著水平；随着种植密度的增加，株高、穗位高、倒伏率、倒折率都有所增加且差异均达极显著水平；穗长、穗粗、行粒数、穗粒数、百粒重显著减少，秃尖长、空秆率均呈增加的趋势；3个种植密度条件下，15个品种中川单99、文19-4583和文20-1424在67 500株/hm²种植密度下产量最高，文单236、文单777和五谷3861在种植密度为52 500株/hm²时产量最高，而其他9个品种的产量在60 000株/hm²种植密度条件下产量最高。相关性分析表明，在3个种植密度下，穗粒数对产量影响最大，均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与行粒数、穗粗、穗长、百粒重和株高显著相关(0.01

To clarify the effects of planting density on agronomic traits and yield of different maize varieties, and to establish a theoretical foundation and technical framework for breeding dense-tolerant germplasm and new cultivars, this study investigated 15 maize varieties under three planting densities to evaluate their ear traits and yield components. Variance analysis demonstrated highly significant differences(P<0.01) among varieties, densities, and their interactions on yield. As density increased, plant height, ear height, lodging rate, and stalk breakage rate exhibited marked increases(P < 0.01), while ear length, ear diameter, grain per row, grain per ear, and 100-grain weight significantly decreased(P < 0.05). Bare tip length and barren stalk rate also showed upward trends. Among the tested densities, Chuandan 99, Wen 19-4583, and Wen 20-1424 achieved maximum yields at 67 500 plants/ha, whereas Wendan 236,Wendan777,and Wugu 3861 peaked at 52 500 plants/ha. The remaining 9 varieties displayed the highest yield at 60 000 plants/ha. Correlation analysis revealed that grain per ear exhibited the strongest positive correlation with yield across all densities(P < 0.01), while also showing significant associations with grain per row, ear diameter, ear length, 100-grain weight, and plant height(0.01 < P < 0.05). These findings suggest that breeding dense-tolerant maize varieties should prioritize enhancing grain per ear, ear length, ear diameter, grain rows per ear, and 100-grain weight, while concurrently optimizing plant architecture(plant height, ear height, and so on) and improving resistance to lodging and barren stalks.