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综述了小麦育种的历史进程及发展趋势。从小麦的起源与驯化入手，系统梳理了传统育种、现代常规育种和分子育种3个主要发展阶段，重点分析了现代生物技术在小麦育种中的应用，包括分子标记辅助选择、转基因育种技术和基因编辑技术。同时分析了小麦育种面临的挑战，展望了未来发展趋势，包括常规育种与分子育种结合以及智能化、数字化育种与多组学技术整合等。研究表明，随着生物技术的进步，小麦育种正朝着精准化、智能化和可持续化方向发展，为保障全球粮食安全提供重要保障。
Abstract：The historical process and development trends of wheat breeding were reviewed.Starting from the origin and domestication of wheat, this article systematically reviewed the three main stages of development: traditional breeding, modern conventional breeding, and molecular breeding. It focused on analyzing the application of modern biotechnology in wheat breeding, including molecular marker assisted selection, transgenic breeding, and gene editing technology. At the same time, the challenges and future development trends faced by wheat breeding were discussed, such as the combination of conventional breeding and molecular breeding, intelligence, digital breeding, and the integration of multiomics technologies. Research showed that with the continuous advancement of biotechnology, wheat breeding is evolving toward greater precision, intelligence, and sustainability, thereby serving as a critical pillar for global food security.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:S512.1
引用信息:
[1]王敏,李进永,郭红,等.小麦育种发展历程与研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2025,53(21):11-13.
基金信息:
2024年中央农业相关转移支付项目(NYJYZT[2024]31)