安徽农业科学

我国作为传统农业大国，“三农”问题一直以来是党和国家关注的重心。财政支农政策作为国家宏观调控农业发展的制度性安排，在破解新时代“三农”问题中提供了核心支撑，为提高农民收入注入了强劲动力。以西北5省区2003—2022年的面板数据为依据，根据豪斯曼检验的结果，构建了固定效应模型，旨在研究我国财政支农政策对农民收入的影响。结果表明，增加财政支农支出、提高城镇化水平和耕地面积都对农民收入有显著的影响，而产业结构的转型对农民有增收效应但不明显。对此提出以下政策建议：第一，加强财政支农资金监管力度；第二，优化区域产业结构；第三，加强对务工农民的权益保护的政策建议。

As a traditional agricultural powerhouse, China has consistently prioritized the “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers” issues(the “Three Rural” issues) in national governance. Fiscal policies supporting agriculture, serving as an institutional arrangement for macro-regulatory agricultural development, have provided core support in addressing the “Three Rural” issues of the new era and injected strong momentum into increasing farmers' income. Based on panel data from five northwestern provinces in China spanning 2003 to 2022, this study constructed a fixed-effects model following Hausman test results to investigate the impact of China's fiscal agricultural support policies on farmers' income. The findings revealed that increased fiscal agricultural expenditure, enhanced urbanization levels, and expanded cultivated land area all demonstrate significant effects on farmers' income, while the transformation of industrial structure has an income-increasing effect on farmers, though not statistically significant. Accordingly, this paper proposes the following policy recommendations: first, strengthening supervision of fiscal funds allocated to agriculture; second, optimizing regional industrial structure; third, enhancing protection for migrant farmers' rights and interests.