安徽农业科学

为明确香稻“粒粒香”的适宜机插密度，充分发挥其产量潜力并保障优质特性，设置2种机插密度，分别为D1处理(330盘/hm²,行株距30 cm×18 cm)和D2处理(375盘/hm²,行株距30 cm×16 cm),探究不同机插密度对“粒粒香”分蘖动态、产量、稻米品质的影响。结果表明，不同机插密度对“粒粒香”的生长发育、产量、品质均具有显著影响。分蘖动态方面，D2处理在分蘖盛期前分蘖增长速率较快，有效分蘖数较高，但后期衰退显著，降幅达46.3%;D1处理群体长势稳健，分蘖衰退平缓，降幅仅为16.4%。产量方面，D1处理的有效穗数虽低于D2处理，但其结实率和千粒重均高于D2处理，最终理论产量(9.2 t/hm²)和实际产量(7.9 t/hm²)均显著高于D2处理(8.0、7.6 t/hm²)。品质方面，D1处理的精米率和食味值优于D2处理，而D2处理整精米率略优高于D1。垩白粒率和垩百度方面，D1处理显著优于D2处理。此外，2处理蛋白质、水分、直链淀粉含量差异较小，均符合优质香稻标准。综合分析表明，在豫北生态条件下，“粒粒香”采用330盘/hm²、行株距30 cm×18 cm的机插密度参数，可实现高产与优质的协同提升，为该品种规模化栽培提供技术依据。

To clarify the optimal mechanical transplanting density for the fragrant rice cultivar Lilixiang,fully exploit its yield potential,and preserve its high-quality traits,a field experiment was conducted with two mechanical transplanting density treatments:D1(330 trays/hm²,row spacing×plant spacing=30 cm×18 cm) and D2(375 trays/hm²,row spacing×plant spacing=30 cm×16 cm).The effects of different mechanical transplanting densities on tillering dynamics,grain yield,and rice quality of Lilixiang were investigated.Results indicated that mechanical transplanting density significantly regulated the growth,yield,and quality of Lilixiang.In terms of tillering dynamics,D2 exhibited a faster tiller growth rate and higher effective tiller number before the peak tillering stage,but tiller decline was pronounced in the later period,with a reduction of 46.3%.In contrast,D1 maintained stable population growth and a gentle tiller decline,with only a 16.4% reduction.Regarding yield performance,although D1 had a lower effective panicle number than D2,its seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were higher.Consequently,both the theoretical yield(9.2 t/hm²) and actual yield(7.9 t/hm²) of D1 were significantly higher than those of D2(8.0 t/hm² and 7.6 t/hm²,respectively).For quality characteristics,D1 outperformed D2 in milled rice rate and eating quality score,while D2 had a slightly higher head rice rate.Notably,D1 showed significantly higher chalky kernel rate and chalkiness degree than D2.No significant differences were observed in protein content,moisture content,or amylose content between the two treatments,all of which met the quality standards for high-quality fragrant rice.Comprehensive analysis revealed that under the ecological conditions of northern Henan,the mechanical transplanting density of 330 trays/hm² with a row spacing×plant spacing of 30 cm×18 cm for Lilixiang achieved a synergistic improvement in high yield and high quality,providing a technical basis for the large-scale cultivation of this cultivar.