安徽农业科学

[目的]探讨人为干扰对喀斯特地区土壤种子库的影响。[方法]以建水县面甸镇喀斯特地区的退耕还林地、封山育林地、农耕地、荒地这4种不同土地利用类型为研究对象，通过0～10 cm表层土壤种子萌发试验，系统分析土壤种子库的物种组成、密度及多样性特征。[结果]试验共记录萌发植物35种，以草本植物为主(68.6%),灌木次之(28.6%),乔木极少(2.8%)。退耕还林地物种数(30种)和种子密度(2 696粒/m²)最高，荒地最低(8种，360粒/m²)。随着土地利用强度的增大，土壤种子库的物种数量与密度明显下降，且各类型均以禾本科、豆科等先锋植物为主，反映植被处于演替早期阶段。多样性分析显示，退耕还林地丰富度与多样性指数最高而荒地最低，均匀度指数在不同土地利用类型间变幅较小，说明人为干扰减弱有助于提升种子库多样性、降低优势度，促进物种分布均匀化。[结论]该研究为喀斯特地区植被恢复与石漠化治理提供了科学依据。

[Objective] To explore the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on soil seed bank in karst areas. [Method] This study focused on four different land use types in the karst regions of Miandian Town,Jianshui County: returning farmland to forestland,close hill to facilitate afforestation,farmland,and wasteland. Using a 0-10 cm surface soil seed germination experiment,the study systematically analyzed the species composition,density,and diversity characteristics of the soil seed bank. [Result] The results showed that a total of 35 plant species germinated in the experiment,with herbaceous plants dominating( 68.6%),followed by shrubs( 28.6%) and very few trees( 2.8%). The number of species( 30 species) and seed density( 2 696 seeds/m²) were highest in returning farmland to forestland and lowest in wasteland( 8 species,360 seeds/m²). With the increase of land use intensity,the species number and density in soil seed bank decreased significantly,and all treatments were dominated by pioneer plants such as Gramineae and Leguminosae,which reflected that the vegetation was in the early stage of succession. Analysis based on diverse data shows that the richness and diversity are highest in the reforested land converted from farmland,while the wasteland is the lowest. The evenness index varies little among different land use types,indicating that reducing human disturbance helps to enhance seed bank diversity,decrease dominance,and promote more uniform species distribution. [Conclusion] The results provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and rocky desertification management in karst region.