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2025, 21, v.53 1-10+13
油茶经济性状及相关生物学特性组学研究进展
基金项目(Foundation): 中央财政林业科技推广示范项目([2023]GDTK-07); 广东省林业科技创新项目(2025JCKJCX005)
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DOI:
摘要:

油茶是我国重要的木本油料作物,具有较高的经济价值和生态效益。随着基因组学、转录组学、代谢组学等多组学技术的快速发展,油茶经济性状及相关生物学研究取得显著进展,油茶基因组的破译标志着油茶育种进入基因组育种阶段。首先,梳理了油茶全基因组测序进展,并剖析其基因组的复杂性和多样性;其次,从多组学角度综述油茶生殖生长过程中开花授粉、自交不亲和、果实脱落等关键环节调控机制。同时,总结了油茶油脂及其活性成分(如黄酮类、角鲨烯、茶皂素等)的合成途径及调控网络,并整理出油茶在抵抗干旱、低温、病虫害及营养缺乏等逆境胁迫下的关键基因及功能。旨在为油茶的遗传改良、品质提升及抗逆性育种提供理论依据,以推动多组学技术在木本油料作物育种中的应用。

Abstract:

Camellia oleifera is a significant woody oil crop in China, valued for its substantial economic potential and ecological benefits. With the rapid advancement of multi-omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, considerable progress has been achieved in the study of its economic traits and associated biological mechanisms. The successful decoding of the Camellia oleifera genome signifies that its breeding has entered the genomic breeding era. Firstly, the progress in whole-genome sequencing was reviewed and the complexity and diversity of the genome were analyzed. Secondly, the regulatory mechanisms underlying key reproductive processes, such as flowering and pollination, self-incompatibility, and fruit abscission, from a multi-omics perspective were summarized. Furthermore, the biosynthesis pathways and regulatory networks of Camellia oleifera oil and its bioactive compounds(e.g., flavonoids, squalene, and tea saponins) were outlined. Additionally, key genes and their functions involved in stress resistance against drought, low temperature, pests and diseases, and nutrient deficiency were identified. The objective is to provide a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement, quality enhancement, and stress-resistant breeding of Camellia oleifera, thereby promoting the application of multi-omics technologies in the breeding of woody oil crops.

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基本信息:

DOI:

中图分类号:S794.4

引用信息:

[1]吴平凡,陈水莲,赵苗菲,等.油茶经济性状及相关生物学特性组学研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2025,53(21):1-10+13.

基金信息:

中央财政林业科技推广示范项目([2023]GDTK-07); 广东省林业科技创新项目(2025JCKJCX005)

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