生态系统类型及地形因子对土壤黑碳含量与分布的影响The Influence of Ecological System Types and Terrain on the Contents and Distribution of Black Carbon in the Soils
孙金兵;宋金凤;高菲;郑杨;崔晓阳;
摘要(Abstract):
综述了黑碳的概念、生态系统类型及地形因子对土壤有机碳和黑碳含量与分布的影响。总体看,不同区域同一生态系统中,土壤有机碳和黑碳的含量差异性较大。同一区域下,不同生态系统中SOC的含量趋势为森林>草原>农田>城市,BC为森林>城市>草原>农田。地形因子中,坡向的影响为SOC含量南坡<北坡、BC含量南坡>北坡;从坡位的影响看,因地表侵蚀和沉积作用在低洼区形成碳汇,有机碳和黑碳的含量均较高;海拔的影响为:一般中海拔区较高,但某些地区由于受山体所在地理位置、气候、植被类型和人为因素等条件影响,规律不明显。
关键词(KeyWords): 生态系统类型;地形因子;土壤有机碳;黑碳
基金项目(Foundation): 国家“十二五”科技支撑项目(2011BAD37B01);; 国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2011CB403202);; 教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助(IRT1054);; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(DL12CA01)
作者(Author): 孙金兵;宋金凤;高菲;郑杨;崔晓阳;
Email:
DOI: 10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2013.34.044
参考文献(References):
- [1]QUENEA K,DERENNE S,RUMPEL C,et al.Black carbon yields and types in forest and cultivated sandy soils(Landes de Gascogne,France)as determined with different methods:Influence of change in land use[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37(9):1185-1189.
- [2]FORBES M S,RAISON R J,SKJEMSTAD J O.Formation,transformation and transport of black carbon(charcoal)in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,370(1):190-206.
- [3]PRESTON C M,SCHMIDT M W I.Black(pyrogenic)carbon:a synthesis of current knowledge and uncertainties with special consideration of boreal regions[J].Biogeosciences,2006,3(4):397-420.
- [4]BRODOWSKI S,JOHN B,FLESSA H,et al.Aggregate-occluded black carbon in soil[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2006,57(4):539-546.
- [5]KUHLBUSCH T A J,CRUTZEN P J.Toward a global estimate of black carbon in residues of vegetation fires representing a sink of atmospheric CO2and a source of O2[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1995,9(4):491-501.
- [6]张旭东,梁超,诸葛玉平,等.黑碳在土壤有机碳生物地球化学循环中的作用[J].土壤通报,2003,34(4):349-355.
- [7]SCHMIDT M W I,NOACK A G.Black carbon in soils and sediments:analysis,distribution,implications,and current challenges[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2000,14(3):777-793.
- [8]何跃,张甘霖.城市土壤黑碳和黑碳的含量特征与来源分析[J].土壤学报,2006,43(2):177-82.
- [9]SEILER W,CRUTZEN P J.Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere from biomass burning[J].Climatic Change,1980,2(3):207-247.
- [10]KLMADA K.Carbonaceous materials as a possible source of soil humus[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,1983,29(3):383-386.
- [11]OADES J M.An overview of processes affecting the cycling of organic carbon in soils[C]//ZEPP G R,SONNTAG C.Role of Monliving Organic Matter in the Earths Carbon Cycle.NY:John Wiley&Sons,1995:293-303.
- [12]BIRD M I,GRCKE D R.Determination of the abundance and carbon isotope composition of elemental carbon in sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1997,61(16):3413-3423.
- [13]LEHMANN J,SKJEMSTAD J,SOHI S,et al.Australian climate-carbon cycle feedback reduced by soil black carbon[J].Nature Geoscience,2008,1(12):832-835.
- [14]LEHMANN J,GAUNT J,RONDON M.Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems-a review[J].Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2006,11(2):395-419.
- [15]GAUNT J L,LEHMANN J.Energy balance and emissions associated with biochar sequestration and pyrolysis bioenergy production[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(11):4152-4158.
- [16]GOLDBERG E D.Black carbon in the environment:Properties and distribution[M]New York:John Wiley and Sons,Inc,1985:1-7.
- [17]KUHLBUSCH T A J.Black carbon and the carbon cycle[J].Science,1998,280(5371):1903-1904.
- [18]MASIELLO C A,DRUFFEL E R M.Black carbon in deep-sea sediments[J].Science,1998,280(5371):1911-1913.
- [19]SCHMIDT M W I,NOACK A G.Black carbon in soils and sediments:analysis,distribution,implications,and current challenges[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2000,14(3):777-793.
- [20]KUHLBUSCH T A J.Enhanced:Black carbon and the carbon cycle[J].Science,1998,280(5371):1903-1904.
- [21]SANDER M,PIGNATELLO J J.Characterization of charcoal adsorption sites for aromatic compounds:insights drawn from single-solute and bisolute competitive experiments[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(6):1606-1615.
- [22]LIANG B,LEHMANN J,SOLOMON D,et al.Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2006,70(5):1719-1730.
- [23]DELUCA T H,MACKENZIE M D,GUNDALE M J,et al.Wildfire-produced charcoal directly influences nitrogen cycling in ponderosa pine forests[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2006,70(2):448-453.
- [24]AIKEN G R,MCKNIGHT D M,WERSHAW R L,et al.Humic substances in soil,sediment,and water:geochemistry,isolation and characterization[M].NY:John Wiley&Sons,1985.
- [25]CZIMCZIK C I,MASIELLO C A.Controls on black carbon storage in soils[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2007,21(3):1029-1036.
- [26]余向阳,应光国,刘贤进,等.土壤中黑碳对农药敌草隆的吸附-解吸迟滞行为研究[J].土壤学报,2007,44(4):650-655.
- [27]张履勤,章明奎.土地利用方式对红壤和黄壤颗粒有机碳和碳黑积累的影响[J].土壤通报,2006,37(4):662-665.
- [28]MASIELLO C A.New directions in black carbon organic geochemistry[J].Marine Chemistry,2004,92(1):201-213.
- [29]SUMAN D O.Charcoal production from agricultural burning in central Panama and its deposition in the sediments of the Gulf of Panama[J].Environmental Conservation,1986,13(1):51-60.
- [30]SKJEMSTAD J O,REICOSKY D C,WILTS A R,et al.Charcoal carbon in US agricultural soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2002,66(4):1249-1255.
- [31]SCHMIDT M W I,SKJEMSTAD J O,GEHRT E,et al.Charred organic carbon in German chernozemic soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1999,50(2):351-365.
- [32]]ROCKNE K J,TAGHON G L,KOSSON D S.Pore structure of soot deposits from several combustion sources[J].Chemosphere,2000,41(8):1125-1135.
- [33]李博.生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
- [34]刘玲.长白山低山区典型森林类型土壤有机碳及养分空间异质性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
- [35]郑应顺,王云.土壤地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1983.
- [36]许信旺.不同尺度区域农田土壤有机碳分布与变化[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
- [37]FAO.G lobal Fores tResources Assessm ent[EB/OL].[2010-11-20].http://www.Fao org/forestry/fra/24691/en/.
- [38]王邵军,阮宏华.全球变化背景下森林生态系统碳循环及其管理[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(2):113-116.
- [39]WOODWELL G M,WHITTAKER R H,REINERS W A,et al.The biota and the world carbon budget[J].Science,1978,199(4325):141-146.
- [40]OLSON J S,WATTS J A,ALLISON L J.Carbon in live vegetation of major world ecosystems[J].Soil Sci,1983,29(3):383-386.
- [41]DIXON R K,SOLOMON A M,BROWN S,et al.Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems[J].Science,1994,263(5144):185-190.
- [42]赵林,殷鸣放,陈晓非,等.森林碳汇研究的计量方法及研究现状综述[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(1):59-63.
- [43]于贵瑞,张雷明,孙晓敏,等.亚洲区域陆地生态系统碳通量观测研究进展[J].中国科学:D辑,2005,34(A02):15-29.
- [44]金哲根.林业在应对气候变暖中的作用[J].价值工程,2010,29(15):175-175.
- [45]李光耀,王希华.天童常绿阔叶林次生演替过程中土壤的有机碳库及其归还特征[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007.
- [46]CZIMCZIK C I,PRESTON C M,SCHMIDT M W I,et al.How surface fire in Siberian Scots pine forests affects soil organic carbon in the forest floor:Stocks,molecular structure,and conversion to black carbon(charcoal)[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2003,17(1):1020-1024.
- [47]JACOBSON M Z.Control of fossil-fuel particulate black carbon and organic matter,possibly the most effective method of slowing global warming[J].Journal Geophysical Research,2002,107:4410-4431。
- [48]GLINAS Y,PRENTICE K M,BALDOCK J A,et al.An improved thermal oxidation method for the quantification of soot/graphitic black carbon in sediments and soils[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2001,35(17):3519-3525.
- [49]JACOBSON M Z.Climate response of fossil fuel and biofuel soot,accounting for soot's feedback to snow and sea ice albedo and emissivity[J].Journal Geophysical Research,2004,109:121-131.
- [50]RODHE H,PERSSON C,KESSON O.An investigation into regional transport of soot and sulfate aerosols[J].Atmospheric Environment,1972,6(9):675-693.
- [51]RUMPEL C,ALEXIS M,CHABBI A,et al.Black carbon contribution to soil organic matter composition in tropical sloping land under slash and burn agriculture[J].Geoderma,2006,130(1):35-46.
- [52]RIBES S,VAN DROOGE B,DACHS J,et al.Influence of soot carbon on the soil-air partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(12):2675-2680.
- [53]BRODOWSKI S,AMELUNG W,HAUMAIER L,et al.Black carbon contribution to stable humus in German arable soils[J].Geoderma,2007,139(1):220-228.
- [54]DAI X,BOUTTON T W,GLASER B,et al.Black carbon in a temperate mixed-grass savanna[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37(10):1879-1881.
- [55]ANSLEY R J,BOUTTON T W,SKJEMSTAD J O.Soil organic carbon and black carbon storage and dynamics under different fire regimes in temperate mixed-grass savanna[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2006,20(3):1019-2029.
- [56]OMONODE R A,VYN T J.Vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and nitroge nunder warm-season native grasses relative to croplands in westcentral Indiana,USA[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2006,117(2):159-170.
- [57]AGARWAL T,BUCHELI T D.Adaptation,validation and application of the chemo-thermal oxidation method to quantify black carbon in soils[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(2):532-538.
- [58]BUCHELI T D,BLUM F,DESAULES A,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,black carbon,and molecular markers in soils of Switzerland[J].Chemosphere,2004,56(11):1061-1076.
- [59]GATARI M J,BOMAN J.Black carbon and total carbon measurements at urban and rural sites in Kenya,East Africa[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(8):1149-1154.
- [60]RODIONOV A,AMELUNG W,HAUMAIER L,et al.Black carbon in the zonal steppe soils of Russia[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2006,169(3):363-369.
- [61]HAMMES K,TORN M S,LAPENAS A G,et al.Centennial black carbon turnover observed in a Russian steppe soil[J].Biogeosciences,2008,5(5):1339-1350.
- [62]LORENZ K,LAL R,JIMNEZ J J.Characterization of soil organic matter and black carbon in dry tropical forests of Costa Rica[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3):315-321.
- [63]JIMNEZ J J,LORENZ K,LAL R.Organic carbon and nitrogen in soil particle-size aggregates under dry tropical forests from Guanacaste,Costa Rica-Implications for within-site soil organic carbon stabilization[J].Catena,2011,86(3):178-191.
- [64]RAWLINS B G,VANE C H,KIM A W,et al.Methods for estimating types of soil organic carbon and their application to surveys of UK urban areas[J].Soil Use and Management,2008,24(1):47-59.
- [65]AGARWAL T,BUCHELI T D.Is black carbon a better predictor of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distribution in soils than total organic carbon?[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(1):64-70.
- [66]程书波.土壤/沉积物-生物系统多环芳烃生物地球化学过程[D].上海:华东师范大学,2009.
- [67]王阳,章明奎.不同类型林地土壤颗粒态有机碳和黑碳的分布特征[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2011,37(2):193-202.
- [68]薛丽佳,高人,杨玉盛,等.武夷山土壤有机碳和黑碳的分配规律研究[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(3):399-403.
- [69]尹云锋,杨玉盛,高人,等.皆伐火烧对杉木人工林土壤有机碳和黑碳的影响[J].土壤学报,2009,46(2):352-355.
- [70]HE Y,ZHANG G L.Historical record of black carbon in urban soils and its environmental implications[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157(10):2684-2688.
- [71]LIU S,XIA X,ZHAI Y,et al.Black carbon(BC)in urban and surrounding rural soils of Bei jing,China:spatial distribution and relationship with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)[J].Chemosphere,2011,82(2):223-228.
- [72]WANG X S.Black carbon in urban topsoils of Xuzhou(China):environmental implication and magnetic proxy[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,163(1/4):41-47.
- [73]刘兆云,章明奎.林地土壤中黑碳的出现及分布特点[J].浙江林学院学报,2009,26(3):341-345.
- [74]许信旺.不同尺度区域农田土壤有机碳分布与变化[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
- [75]张颖妮.过火后森林土壤黑碳的分布格局特征研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
- [76]ZHAN C,CAO J,HAN Y,et al.Spatial distributions and sequestrations of organic carbon and black carbon in soils from the Chinese loess plateau[J].Science of The Total Environment,2013,465:255-266.
- [77]CARCAILLET C.Are Holocene wood-charcoal fragments stratified in alpine and subalpine soils?Evidence from the Alps based on AMS 14C dates[J].The Holocene,2001,11(2):231-242.
- [78]刘兆云,章明奎.侵蚀-沉积连续地形中土壤碳库的空间分异[J].水土保持通报,2009(3):61-65.
- [79]GAVIN D G.Forest soil disturbance intervals inferred from soil charcoal radiocarbon dates[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2003,33(12):2514-2518.
- [80]KANE E S,KASISCHKE E S,VALENTINE D W,et al.Topographic influences on wildfire consumption of soil organic carbon in interior Alaska:implications for black carbon accumulation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences(2005-2012),2007,112(G03017):1-11.
- [81]王绍强,周成虎,李克让,等.中国土壤有机碳库及空间分布特征分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(5):533-544.
- [82]NAM J J,THOMAS G O,JAWARD F M,et al.PAHs in background soils from Western Europe:Influence of atmospheric deposition and soil organic matter[J].Chemosphere,2008,70(9):1596-1602.