李欣;金莲姬;郭建侠;

• 1:南京信息工程大学大气物理学院
• 2:中国气象局气象探测中心

摘要(Abstract)：

气象探测环境的好坏直接关系到气象事业的发展,但是改革开放以后城市化现象日趋严重,对气象探测环境造成很大威胁,甚至有些台站的探测环境已受到城市扩张影响。在此,主要从气象探测环境对气象要素测量值影响的研究方法和研究尺度2个方面,论述了目前气象探测环境对气象要素测量值影响的研究进展,并说明了保护探测环境的意义及对以后工作的展望。

关键词(KeyWords)： 探测环境;城市化;气象要素;影响

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 李欣;金莲姬;郭建侠;

Email:

DOI: 10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2011.27.041

参考文献(References)：

• [1]陈贵川,卞林根,李平,等.国家气候观象台建设观测环境问题[J].气象科技,2008,36(2):244-248.
• [2]吴利红,康丽莉,陈海燕,等.地面气象站环境变化对气温序列均一性影响[J].气象科技,2007,35(2):152-156.
• [3]张思超.由阜阳站迁址看气象探测环境对气温观测的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(13):6061-6063.
• [4]刘勇,王东勇,田红,等.气象观测环境的变化对气温序列的影响分析[J].气象科学,2006,26(4):437-440.
• [5]谢韶,谢开川,何什芬.观测环境对电白观测站气象要素的影响[J].广东气象,2008,30(12):3-5.
• [6]潘燕莲,凌良新,张奇峰,等.潮州市气象观测环境变化对气象要素的影响[J].广东气象,2008,30(12):25-27.
• [7]GALLO K P,EASTERLING D R,PETERSON T C.The influence of landuse/land cover on climatological values of the diurnal temperature range[J].J Climate,1996,9(11):2941-2944.
• [8]KARL T R,DIAZ H F,KUKLA G.Urbanization:Its Detection and Effect inthe United States Climate Record[J].American Meteorological Society,1988,1:1099-1123.
• [9]赵宗慈.近39年中国的气温变化与城市化影响[J].气象,1991,17(4)14-17.
• [10]HUA L J,MA Z G,GUO W D.The impact of urbanization on air tempera-ture across China[J].Theor Appl Climatol,2007,93(3/4):179-194.
• [11]乔盛西,覃军.县城城市化对气温影响的诊断分析[J].气象,1990,16(11):17-20.
• [12]OKE T R.City size and the urban heat island[J].Atmos Environ,1973,7:769-779.
• [13]HANSON J E,RUEDY R,SATO M,et al.A closer look at United Statesand global surface temperature change[J].J Geophys Res,2001,106:23947-23963.
• [14]PETERSON T C.Assessment of urban versus rural insitu surface tempera-tures in the contiguous United States:No difference found[J].J Climate,2003,16:2941-2959.
• [15]ZHOU L,DICKINSON R E,TIAN Y,et al.Evidence for a significant ur-banization effect on Climate in China[J].Proceedings of the National A-cademy of Sciences,2004,101:9540-9544.
• [16]胡文志,梁延刚,雷惠雯,等.港城市与郊区气候差异分析[J].气象,2009,35(2):72-79.
• [17]GALLO K P,EASTERLING D R,PETERSON T C.The influence of landuse/land cover on climatological values of the diurnal temperature range[J].J Climate,1996,9:2941-2944.
• [18]VOSE R S.Reference Station Networks for Monitoring Climatic Change intheConterminous United States[J].Journall of Climate,2005,18:5390-5395.
• [19]HOUGHTON J T,DING Y,GRIGGS D,et al.Intergovernmental PanelonClimate Change(2001)in Climate Change 2001:The Scientific Basis[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge Univ Press,2001.
• [20]JONES P D,GROISMAN P YA,COUGHLAN M,et al.Assessment of ur-banization effects in time series of surface air temperature over land[J].Nature,1990,347:169-172.
• [21]EASTERLING D R,HORTON B,JONES P D,et al.Maximum and Mini-mum Temperature Trends for the Globe[J].Science,1997,277(18):364-367.
• [22]KARL T R,COAUTHORS.Asymmetric trends in surface temperature[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,1993,74:1007-1023.
• [23]HANSEN J,RUEDY R,SATO M,et al.A closer look at United States andglobal surface temperature change[J].J Geophys Res,2001,106:23947-23963.
• [24]GALLO K P,OWEN T W,EASTERLING D R,et al.Temperature Trendsof the U.S.Historical Climatology Network Based on Satellite-Designat-ed Land Use/Land Cover[J].J Clim,1998,12:1344-1348.
• [25]KALNAY E,CAI M.Impact of urbanization and land-use change on cli-mate[J].Nature,2003,423:528-531.
• [26]ARNFIELD A J.Two decades of urban climate research:a review of tur-bulence,exchanges of energy and water,and the urban heat island[J].IntJ Climatol,2003,23:1-26.
• [27]SAKAKIBARA Y,OWA K.Urban-rural temperature differences in coastalcities:Influence of rural sites[J].Int J Climatol,2005,25:811-820.
• [28]CHOW W T L,ROTH M.Temporal dynamics of the urban heat island ofSingapore[J].Int J Climatol,2006,26:2243-2260.
• [29]KARL T R,NILLIANS C N Jr,YOUNG P J,et al.A model to estimate thetime of observation bias associated with monthly mean maximum,mini-mum,and mean temperatures for the United States[J].J Clim Appl Mete-or,1986,25:145-160.
• [30]KUKLA G,GAVIN J,KARL T R,et al.Urban warming[J].J Clim ApplMeteor,1986,25:1265-1270.
• [31]周雅清,任国玉.华北地区地表气温观测中城镇化影响的检测和订正[J].气候与环境研究,2005,10(4):743-753.
• [32]华丽娟,马柱国,曾昭美.中国东部地区大城市和小城镇极端温度及日较差变化对比分析[J].大气科学,2006,30(1):80-92.
• [33]唐国利,任国玉,周江兴.西南地区城市热岛强度变化对地面气温序列影响[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(6):722-730.
• [34]赵宗慈,徐国昌,王琨玲.都市化对气候变化的影响[J].气象科技,1990(1):71-76.
• [35]LIU W,JI C,ZHONG J,et al.Temporal characteristics of Beijing urbanheat island[J].Theor Appl Climatol,2007,87:213-221.
• [36]徐祥德,汤绪.城市化环境气象学引论[M].北京:气象出版社,2002.
• [37]OKE T R,JOHNSON G T,STEYN D G,et al.Simulation of surface urbanheat islands under‘IDEAL’conditions at night,Part 2:diagnosis of cau-sation[J].Bound-layer Meteorol,1991,56:339-358.
• [38]WILBY R.Past and projected t rends in London’s urban heat island[J].Weather,2003,58:251-260.
• [39]CHOW W T L,ROTH M.Temporal dynamics of the urban heat island ofSingapore[J].Int J Climatol,2006,26:2243-2260.
• [40]王喜全,王自发,郭虎.北京“城市热岛”效应现况及特征[J].气候与环境研究,2006(11):627-636.
• [41]中国气象局气象探测中心.国家级地面气象观测站网评估报告[R].2009.
• [42]邓芳莲,曹赞芳.观测环境变化对日照的影响[J].陕西气象,1994(4):34.
• [43]卢绮玲.气象观测环境变化对气象记录准确性的影响情况分析[J].广东气象,2003(2):37-39.
• [44]刘学锋,江滢,任国玉,等.河北城市化和观测环境改变对地面风速观测资料序列的影响[J].高原气象,2009,28(2):433-439.
• [45]任国玉,张爱英,初子莹,等.我国地面气温参考站点遴选的依据、原则和方法[J].气象科技,2010,38(1):78-85.
• [46]李绍云,田萍,梁杰,等.城市发展对气象探测环境的影响分析[J].环境保护与循环经济,2008(11):40-42.